Since some of the scholarly sources are disputed and differ on the number of casualties in a country, a range of deaths, both for military and civilian, is given. He didnt consult anybody, just did it. The IPN also puts the number of Polish citizens conscripted into the German armed forces at 250,000 of whom 60,000 were killed in action. On average 27,000 people were killed each day between September 1, 1939, until the formal surrender of Japan on September 2, 1945. In 2009 the Polish Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) put the total of Jewish deaths at 2.7 to 2.9 million. According to research by the Institute of National Remembrance between 1939 and 1945, 1,897,000 [29] Among the Allied powers, the U.S.S.R. suffered the greatest total number of dead: perhaps 18,000,000. 2000 2050. Putin has given some acerbic critiques of Americas 2003 Iraq War, but on the fantasy quotient of total victory, no occupation his Ukraine War would appear to share the crooked expectations that attended Americas ill-starred war in Iraq. When the Soviet forces returned to Poland in 1944-1945 there was a new wave of repression of Polish citizens from all ethnic groups including 188,000 deported, 50,000 conscripted as forced labor and 50,000 arrested. The Polish strategy was to try to preserve the bulk of its army for this future planned offensive, while defending the country. If we did not collapse already in the year 1939 that was due only to the fact that during the Polish campaign, the approximately 110 French and British divisions in the West were held completely inactive against the 23 German divisions. Debunking the myths and propaganda behind 'D-Day'. This article provides a summarization of these estimates of Poland's human losses in the war and their causes. If in the unlikely event he proves to be a genius rather than an idiothe knows Ukraine a lot better than the Americans knew Iraqit is unlikely to alter the conclusion that he has committed a crime. WW2 German Death Card Sterbebild Panzer Black Wrap Uniform Beret 1941 (Krakau) $37.84 + $13.18 shipping . This figure was disputed when the communist system collapsed by the Polish historian Czesaw uczak who put total losses at 6.0 million; 3.0 million Jews, 2.0 million ethnic Poles, and 1.0 million Polish citizens from the other ethnic groups not included in the 1947 report on war damages. Current estimates now show that the number of war dead within the postwar borders total 26.6 million individuals. We will one day have our historians who chart the descent from world empire to barbarian chaos, but they are unlikely to look back on our besotted age for models of statesmanship, on the odd chance they still use that word. Even in November 1941, despite an ongoing quasi-war with German U-Boats in the North Atlantic, polls showed that 70 percent of the public still wanted to stay out. Warsaw 1947. Instead they backstabbed and sacrificed their ally hoping that it would satisfy Hitler's and Nazi Germany insatiable appetite for conquest and bloodshed. "Poland in the Second World War." The majority of the casualties were civilians who fell victims to crimes against humanity and war crimes during the Soviet Union and Nazi occupation. Around 6 million Polish citizens perished during World War II: about one fifth of the pre-war population. An additional 660,000 Jews from other countries, were transported to Auschwitz and murdered. Only for the United States and the British Commonwealth can official figures showing killed, wounded, prisoners or missing for the armed forces be cited with any degree of assurance. These civilian deaths are even more difficult to determine, yet they must be counted in any comparative evaluation of national losses. Answer (1 of 7): Likely there would be no WWII, but the Soviet action and the results of those would be a question mark. [66] The Ministry of Finance estimated actual losses at 5,085,000 persons, 943,000 less than the Polish government Bureau of War Damages(BOW) report of 1947. Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami.Institute of National Remembrance (IPN), Warszawa 2009. They pointed out that Czesaw uczak estimated the total population loss at 500,000 ethnic Poles in the Soviet occupied regions. Most Polish citizens who perished in the war were civilian victims of the war crimes and crimes against humanity during the occupation by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. Statistical accounting broke down in both Allied and Axis nations when whole armies were surrendered or dispersed. During the occupation many Non-Jewish ethnic Poles were killed in mass executions, including an estimated 37,000 Poles[24] at the Pawiak prison complex run by the Gestapo. "No Simple Victory"." This was later corroborated by a top German General, Alfred Jodl, who served as the Chief of the Operations Staff of the Armed Forces High Command (and the man speaking to Hitler in the picture), who stated at the Nuremberg trials that: Whatever it proves to be, it will show yet again that what an occupying army does is basically a function of the defiance it meets. Become a Member today for a growing stake in the conservative movement. In 1987 the Polish Academy of Science journal Studia Demograficzne published an article by Kazimierz Piesowicz that analyzed the demographic balance from Poland from 1939-1950. Despite a number of cultural similarities, such as being prominent old medieval European kingdoms, belonging to Western civilization and sharing a common Roman Catholic religion, relations between France and Poland have only become relevant since the Renaissance era. While the treatment of factory workers or farm hands often varied depending on the individual employer, most Polish laborers were compelled to work longer hours for lower wages than Western Europeans. Estimated number of military and civilian fatalities due to the Second World War per country or region between 1939 and 1945. [72] The estimates of Franciszek Proch were cited by Tadeusz Piotrowski in his book Poland's Holocaust [73], Source of figures: Franciszek Proch, Poland's Way of the Cross, New York 1987 Pages 143-144. Were going to smash all resistance, yet not kill civilians. The totals listed are approximate and based on a variety of sources. Page 36. Current Historical U.N. 1. Page 30, The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum believes that "The Nazi terror was, in scholar Norman Davies's words, "much fiercer and more protracted in Poland than anywhere in Europe." They were wrong, and the whole world would be made to pay the price for their dishonor and cowardice. "Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod okupacj niemieck", "Polish Resistance and Conclusions United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC", Andrzej Gawryszewski LUDNO POLSKI W XX WIEKU POLSKA AKADEMIA NAUK NSTYTUT GEOGRAFII I PRZESTRZENNEGO ZAGOSPODAROWANIA IM. uczak authored Polska i Polacy w drugiej wojnie wiatowej (Poland and Poles in the Second World War). Dzieje Najnowsze Rocznik XXI- 1994, Victims of the Nazi Regime-Database of Polish citizens repressed under the German Occupation, This page was last edited on 4 December 2022, at 17:51. 621, Grzegorz Motyka, Od rzezi woyskiej do akcji "Wisa". However, it is estimated that at least 6.9 million of them were killed and another 7.3 million wounded. The French and the British had an almost 5 - 1 manpower advantage, overwhelming air, land and sea superiority and could have been in Berlin in three days time if they attacked, but they chose not to. During World War 2 a total of 464 Medal of Honors were awarded with 266 of those posthumously. When the war entered its third week the Polish army fielded more then 250,000 troops and was stil inflicting heavy casualties on the Germans. Page 9, Losses of Ethnic Poles during German occupation per year. [75], Sourced from: Wojciech Materski and Tomasz Szarota. [4], Andrzej Paczkowski puts the number of Polish deaths due to Soviet repression at 90,000100,000 of the 1.0 million persons deported and 30,000 executed by the Soviets[40], According to Zbigniew S. Siemaszko the total of those deported was 1,646,000 of whom 1,450,000 were residents and refugees (excluding POWs). Institute of National Remembrance (IPN), Warszawa 2009, ISBN978-83-7629-067-6. This figure includes forced labor in Germany as well as in the USSR. They were forced to wear identifying purple tags with "P"s sewn to their clothing, subjected to a curfew, and banned from public transportation. President Bidens policy is all-out economic war against Russia, with a strict red line against actual U.S. military involvement. STANISAWA LESZCZYCKIEGO, Bibliography of Poland during World War II, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_casualties_of_Poland&oldid=1125563779, Total Population of ethnic Poles and Polish Jews (only) in 1939, Murdered in the extermination camps, executions, liquidation of ghettos, Prisons, concentration camps, epidemics, extenuation, bad treatment, Outside the camps: because of extenuation, wounds, injuries, beatings, hard labour, Victims of prisons and concentration camps, Ethnic Polish Victims During German Occupation, Less population Not Capable of Resistance, Population Capable of Resistance-October 1939, Population Capable of Resistance Oct 1939, Total population Capable of Resistance-May 1945, Population of 27,007,000 includes 5,193,000 Poles and Jews in the. Institute of National Remembrance (IPN), Warszawa 2009, ISBN978-83-7629-067-6. Subtracting 3 million Polish Jewish victims, the report claimed 3 million non-Jewish victims of the Nazi terror, including civilian and military casualties of war. Similar pressures will operate on the makers of American foreign policy. 2022. American war planners knew in 1941 that Germany was the primordial threat, but American public opinion had resided for two years in the same anomalous state as we find today in Ukraine policy. Total. Gniazdowski, Mateusz. Germany suffered over 60,000 casualties in the Polish campaign while the Poles suffered military losses of around 66,000 soldiers who were either killed or missing in action. [27] By 1950 670,000 ethnic Germans from prewar Poland had fled or were expelled and about 40,000 remained in Poland; about 200,000 Polish citizens who were on Volksliste groups 1 and 2 during the war were rehabilitated as Polish citizens. About 4,200,000 Germans died, and about 1,972,000 Japanese died. Czesaw uczak also authored an article in the Polish academic journal Dzieje Najnowsze Rocznik, titled Szanse i trudnosci bilansu demograficznego Polski w latach 19391945 (Possibilities and Difficulties of the Demographic Balance in Poland 1939-1945), pages 914: Source: Wojciech Materski and Tomasz Szarota. [31] Despite this food deficit the German occupiers confiscated 27% of the agricultural output in the General Government, thus reducing the food available for the civilian population. Specifically, the fall of Communism and the opening of records in the former Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, and other countries have helped modern historians make a better accounting of the number of civilian casualties suffered during World War 2. Soviet Union . Also known as. The carnage of World War II was unprecedented and brought the world closest to the term "total warfare.". 'Documentation remains fragmentary, but today scholars of independent Poland believe that 1.8 to 1.9 million Polish civilians (non-Jews) were victims of German Occupation policies and the war. Figure of 644,000 deaths caused by direct war operations includes 123,000 military casualties. Population not ethnic Polish includes 2,916,000 Jews. If France and Britain had not betrayed Poland in 1939, WW2 might have been prevented. During the German occupation Polish citizens from ethnic minorities were deported to Germany for forced labor. Before he went to war, however, Wilsons policy reflected the same weird combination of no, were not intervening now, but yes, at some future date we will guarantee everything that we saw, in the year before Putins War, in the Biden policy toward NATO expansion. Around six million Polish people died during the five year German occupation, three million Polish Jews and three million Catholic Poles. World War II is considered the deadliest arm conflict in human history. Within Poland, the IPN (Polish Institute of National Remembrance) places their estimated war dead between 5.6 and 5.8 million people. A version of this story appeared in Science, Vol 373, Issue 6557. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, there has been a significant amount of research conducted regarding the topic of World War 2 casualties with the resulting opening of previously closed scholarly resources. Population of 35.339 million includes about 240,000 in Polish annexed Zaolzie area around esk Tn. [47], According to the figures published by the Polish government in exile in 1941 there were about 7.0 million Polish citizens from ethnic minorities at the beginning of the war in September 1939, mostly Ukrainians, Belarusians, Polishchuks and Lithuanians living in the eastern regions of Poland annexed by the USSR. 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