Banijurid: 233237: 848948 cAla' al-Din Atsiz: 52151: 112756 Dynasty, Ruler, Muslim dates A.H., Christian dates A.D. *, J.J. Saunders wrote in A History of Medieval Islam: The Emperor Romanus Diogenes had resolved on a desperate effort to clear the Turkish raiders out of his dominions, and at the head of a motley army of mercenaries, including Normans from the west and Pechenegs and Uzes (Turkish tribes) from southern Russia, he marched eastwards into Armenia. The Great Seljuk Empire was the Turkish state which dominated the Middle East and Central Asia in the 11th and 12th centuries. Rukn al-Din Berk-yaruq (Barkiyaruq): 48798: 10941105 Fakhr al-Dawla cAli: 36687: 97797 They were fierce nomadic warriors, led by Turkic warlord Seljuk, known for. Eretnaid: 736782: 13351380 Konya was the capital of the Seljuk Empire, so all the roads were designed to reach this city. They make a barrier against the Mongols invaders and the european crusaders. Secondly, the fall of the Buyids and the coming of the Seljuks registered a great triumph for Sunnite orthodoxy: the power of the State could now be employed to put down Shi'ism of all kinds and Isma'ilism in particular. J.J. Saunders wrote in A History of Medieval Islam: The pasture-lands to the north of the Caspian and Aral Seas had long been the home of a group of Turkish tribes known as the Ghuzz or Oghuz, later styled Turkomans. Although the Seljuks were Turkish, much of their emerging cultural forms were Persian influenced. Suqman Shahs: 493604: 11001207 Nur al-Din Arslan Shah II: 61516: 121819 Part 3 explores how religious thought, jurisprudence, belles-lettres and architecture developed under the Seljuqs. Tughril recaptured Mosul, and returning to Baghdad in 1058 was solemnly received by Ka'im and given the title of 'King of the East and West'. Before the Seljuks empire, in period of Samanogullar and Ghaznavids statesmen and rich people were building madrasa. In Khwarazm, an independent branch of rulers overtook and came to be called "Khwarazmian" (490/1077-628/1231). In the 11th Turkish tribes began invading western Asia from their homelands in Central Asia. But if the Seljuq dynasty produced nothing so grand as the pyramids, the Parthenon or the Taj Mahal, it nevertheless presided over a cosmopolitan multicultural age of terrific artistic and intellectual vitality and innovation. Eyewitness accounts attest to the terror of battle. The Seljuks occupied Baghdad in 1055, but the excesses and indiscipline of the tribesmen provoked a reaction among the populace, and Wasit, Mosul and other places went over to the Fatimids. Perhaps he hardly grasped the significance of his victory. Mucizz al-Din Malik Shah II: 498: 1105 Dr. Kallie Szczepanski is a history teacher specializing in Asian history and culture. The death or assassination of both men in October 1092 led to the fragmenting of the empire as rival sultans battled one another for another 1,000 years. The Alid Caliphate, though shorn of much of its glory, was put on its feet again and enabled to survive for another century. The true culprit was a series of strategic and tactical mistakes that led to the collapse of Byzantine influence in Asia Minor, a blow they would never recover from. Baha' al-Dawla Firuz: 388403: 9981012 [Source: Library of Congress], The First Crusade began in 1095. cIzz al-Din Kay Ka'us II: 64446: 124648 Ramadanid: 780819: 13781416 The Seljuks then established a provincial capital in Konya. The Seljuk (pronounced "sahl-JOOK," and variously transliterated as Seldjuq, Seldjuk, or al-Salajiqa) refers to two branches of a dynastic Sunni (maybe, scholars are torn) Muslim Turkish confederation that ruled much of Central Asia and Anatolia in the 11th14th centuries CE. The Seljuk Empire History dynasty was an Islamic dynasty that ruled in Central Asia and the Middle East between the 11th and 14th centuries. The first great state which carried the name Turk was the Kok-Turk State which extended from Manchuria to the Black Sea and Iran between the A.D. 6th and 8th centuries. Ruler, Muslim dates A.H., Christian dates A.D. Many more died of starvation and thirst on the Turkish steppes when the Turks fell back, destroying crops and blocking wells as they went. Qutb al-Din Mawdud: 54464: 114969 [Source: "History of Warfare" by John Keegan, Vintage Books]. \=\, Seljuqs and Atabegs The Seljuk Turks gazis cut deeper into Byzantine territory, raiding and taking booty according to their tradition. Brothers Tughril (990-1063) and Chaghri (989-1060) are credited with the formation of the Seljuk Empire in the 11 th century AD. Their leader, Tughril Beg, turned his warriors against the Ghaznavids in Khorasan. [Rival ruler: 56789: 117293] By the early 12th century, the Seljuks were masters of most of Afghanistan, Persia and the Middle East as far west as Egypt. Ninth century stelae in Mongolia show young Turkic children suckling from the teats of a mother wolf like Romulus and Remus, and the Osmanli Turks, the forbears of the Ottomans, marched with banners depicting a wolf's head when they conquered their way from Central Asia to the outskirts of Constantinople. Mahmud of Ghazna had been glad to win recognition from the Caliph, and his court poets had hailed him as 'Sultan', a word meaning originally 'governmental power' but henceforth used as a personal title. But they were staunch admirers of everything persian and kicked out the turkic Ghaznavids who overthrew the Samanids. Bukhara continued as a center of learning. Portuguese military garrisons, together with royal governors and viceroys . The Seljuk Empire united the eastern Islamic world, and fought in the Second Crusade. Sharif II: 394: 1004 Ghiyath al-Din Kay Khusraw I (2nd reign): 6017: 120410 They were from the Turkmen tribes who gained victory against sultan Masood the Ghaznavid and founded Seljuks' government. cImad al-Dawla cAli: 32035: 93247 The empire included colonies in coastal Africa, India, Indonesia, China, the Middle East, and South America. Finally in 1060 the Seljuks fought their way back into Baghdad; Basasiri was killed, and Tughril replaced the Abbasid on his throne. Political power had been split up among the various members of the Buyid family. No matter where you were in Anatolia, your ultimate goal was to reach the big city of Konya. Ruler, Muslim dates A.H., Christian dates A.D. Many of them poured into Azerbaijan, a fertile province of orchards and pastures which in a few generations became mainly Turkish-speaking, and from there began raiding Byzantine territory. They controlled the immediate area for more than 150 years and sporadically sent out adherents to strengthen their rule by murdering important officials. The portrait of emperor (or equivalent) has a golden border adorned by gems. The Great Seljuk Empire, or the Seljuk Empire was a high medieval, culturally Turko-Persian, Sunni Muslim empire, founded and ruled by the Qnq branch of Oghuz Turks. Hasan said that he had 60,000 other men who prepared to the same: Sanjar showed good judgment, many would agree, by signing the peace treaty., See the Assassins, Under World Topics, Terrorism. The terrorist campaign by the Assassins was met with strong counter attacks. ZangidJazira: 576648: 11801250, Begteginid: 539630: 11451233 Sama' al-Dawla: 412ca. J.J. Saunders wrote in A History of Medieval Islam: The entry of the Seljuk Turks into Western Asia in the second half of the eleventh century forms one of the great epochs of world history. This site contains copyrighted material the use of which has not always been authorized by the copyright owner. 10 Most Indispensable Books on the Middle East, Islamic Civilization: Timeline and Definition, Biography of Suleiman the Magnificent, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Seljuks on the Baltic: Polish-Lithuanian Muslim Pilgrims in the Court of Ottoman Sultan Sleyman I, J.D., University of Washington School of Law, B.A., History, Western Washington University. cAdud al-Dawla Fana-Khusraw: 33872: 94983 The uluma system remained in place but without strong central authority and local leaders constantly fought among themselves. The Great Seljuk empire was dedicated to the strictest principles of Sunni Islam and to the punishment of infidels of every kind. He was the first Turkicball who stepped Anatolia, which later became the clay of Ottoman and Turkey. Near Constantinople thousands were killed in an ambush. The Turkish invasions played a role in . Mirdasid: 414472: 10231079 Encyclopdia Britannica article on the Ottoman Empire britannica.com ; Rukn al-Dawla Hasan: 33566: 94777, BuyidHamadan and Isfahan: 366419: 9771028 BuyidRayy: 366420: 9771029 9. Seljuk and his father (and about 300 horsemen, 1,500 camels, and 50,000 sheep) headed for Samarkand, and in 986 arrived in Jand near modern Kyzylorda in the northwest of modern Kazakhstan, when the region was in significant turmoil. The Russians lumped the Mongols, Tatar and Turks together and called them "Tatars.". KhwarazmshahMa'munids: 385408: 9951017 This campaign was effective. [15] It spanned a total area of 3.9 million square kilometres (1.5 million square miles) from Anatolia and the Levant in the west to the Hindu Kush in the east, and from Central Asia in the north to . They are most famous for their invasions and battles against the Byzantine Empire and later their role in the First Crusade. What type of government was the Seljuk Empire? The Great Seljuk Empire became one of the major empires of Middle Eastern history and dominated Central Asia, Iran, Iraq and . \=\, J.J. Saunders wrote in A History of Medieval Islam: The Seljuks now moved westwards into the disintegrating realm of the Buyids. cAdud al-Dawla Alp-Arslan: 45565: 106372 [Interregnum: 47985: 108692] ZangidSinjar: 566617: 11701220 Dynasty, Ruler, Muslim dates A.H., Christian dates A.D. A Burgundy duke was christened, king of Jerusalem. [Source: J.J. Saunders, A History of Medieval Islam, (London: Routledge, 1965), chap. This dynasty is known as the founder of the first Islamic empire in Turkey, namely the Great Seljuk Empire. The Crusaders then took over many of the cities on the Mediterranean coast and built a large number of fortified castles all over the Holy Land to protect their new territories, , while also establishing churches loyal to Rome. For forty Fridays the khutba was recited in the Abbasid capital in the name of Mustansir of Cairo. First, the Fatimids lost their last chance of repeating the success of the Abbasids in 750: the failure of Basasiri's coup in Baghdad meant that the Alid Caliph would be restricted to Egypt and the neighbouring lands and would never acquire universal dominion in Islam. Salghurid: 543668: 11481270 Turkey in Asia, 1920 wdl.org ; 9. The Beginning of the Seljuk Rule and the Oppression of the Shi'as cAli II: 39294: 10024 All the Turkic tribes converted to Islam except for the reindeer herding Yakuts in Siberia and the Chuvash in the Volga region of Russia, but the wolf mythology stayed with them. It added a third nation, after the Arabs and Persians, to the dominant races of Islam; it prolonged the life of the moribund Cali phate for another two hundred years, it tore Asia Minor away from Christendom and opened the path to the later Ottoman invasion of Europe, it allowed the orthodox Muslims to crush the Ismailian heresy, and provoked in reprisal the murderous activities of the Assassins; it put an end to the political domination of the Arabs in the Near East, it spread the language and culture of Persia over a wide area from Anatolia to Northern India, and by posing a grave threat to the Christian Powers, it impelled the Latin West to undertake the remarkable counter-offensive of The Crusades. [Source: J.J. Saunders, A History of Medieval Islam, (London: Routledge, 1965), chap. 47090: ca. The territorial acquisitions of large parts of Anatolia by the Seljuks incurred the wrath of many Christians in Western and Eastern Europe. This empire was governed by the military who assigned a sultan who kept order. The Seljuks proceeded to unify the Muslim world again by conquering Iraq and eastern Asia Minor. These castles were positioned along the overland and sea crusade routes, offering protection, lodging and medical care for the crusaders. In 1204 these crusaders installed Count Baldwin of Flanders in the Byzantine capital as emperor of the so-called Latin Empire of Constantinople, dismembering the old realm into tributary states where West European feudal institutions were transplanted intact. [Source: Suzan Yalman, Department of Education, Based on original work by Linda Komaroff Metropolitan Museum of Art metmuseum.org \^/]. Local people often rose up against them. Tugrul forced the caliph (the spiritual leader of Islam) to recognize him as sultan, or temporal leader, in Persia and Mesopotamia. Such material is made available in an effort to advance understanding of country or topic discussed in the article. Some crusaders went by land led by princes from France Burgundy, and Normandy. Seljuk Basic Data Religion Sunni Culture Turkmeni (Oghuz) Tech Group Middle Eastern (until 650) Muslim (since 650) Government Autocracy Government Rank Kingdom Country Development 69 (start) Capital Province Nishapur (436) (until 1043) Rey (428) (1043 - 1051) Isfahan (429) (1051 - 1118) Hamadan (414) (since 1118) Technical Data Tag SEL It was founded by Tughril Beg in 1037. Ottoman Empire and Turk Resources University of Michigan umich.edu/~turkis ; HamdanidAleppo: 333394: 9451004 Their coming had produced something of a social crisis in the Persian and Arab lands. "IX The Turkish Irruption" \=], Rulers of Iraq and Syria before the Seljuks cIzz al-Din Qilich Arslan II: 55188: 115692 Saru Khanid: 700813: 13001410 A dreadful six years' famine had paralysed Egypt from 1067 to 1072; the civil government virtually broke down; thousands fled from the country, and the misery of those who remained was heightened by the brutal lawlessness of the Turkish, Berber and Sudanese slave soldiery who killed and robbed in quest of food and plunder. The Seljuks (Seljuqs, Sejuk Turks) were a clan of the Oghuz (or Ghuzz) Turks, who lived north of the Oxus River (present-day Amu Darya). [Sources: National Geographic, "History of Warfare" by John Keegan, Vintage Books]. This book surveys that period, which was one of exceptional importance, witnessing profound demographic, religious, political and social changes in the Islamic Middle East. With Asia Minor, its principal source of soldiers and revenue, lost, menaced by the aggression of the Normans from Italy and the Pechenegs from across the Danube, the Byzantine Empire faced total ruin, and appeals for help to the Pope and the Latin world went out from Constantinople which produced twenty-five years after Manzikert the preaching of the First Crusade. Some settled in a land they called their home even to this very day - Turkey Advertisement Annyohasayo Answer: Ruler, Muslim dates A.H., Christian dates A.D. Ghiyath al-Din Mascud II (4th reign): 7024: 13035 They poured into Persia (1037) and established their first powerful state, called by historians the Empire of the Great Seljuks. "Who Were the Seljuks?" Gender roles . Samsam al-Dawla Marzuban: 37288: 98398 The price paid was the creation of a military dictatorship, Badr, with the title of Amir al-Juyush, 'Commander of the Armies,' replacing the civilian wazir, and the Caliph being reduced almost to the level of the Abbasids under Buyid rule. This book surveys that period, which was one of. 1028 Great Seljuk Empire. [Source: J.J. Saunders, A History of Medieval Islam, (London: Routledge, 1965), chap. cAla' al-Din Kay Qubadh I: 61634: 121937 In Turkey there are several castles, most notably in Bodrum, that were built during the crusades. How did the Seljuk Empire maintain power? Section 107, the material on this site is distributed without profit. up Fakhr al-Dawla cAli: 37387: 98397 ThoughtCo, Aug. 26, 2020, thoughtco.com/who-were-the-seljuks-195399. The Seljuk Empire was a medieval empire that existed between the 11th and 12th centuries. Suzan Yalman of the Metropolitan Museum of Art wrote: The Seljuks became the new rulers of the eastern Islamic lands following their defeat of the powerful Ghaznavids at the Battle of Dandanakan (1040). Split by dissension among the tribes, one branch of the Oguz, led by descendants of Seljuk, moved west and entered service with the Abbasid caliphs of Baghdad. [Source: J.J. Saunders, A History of Medieval Islam, (London: Routledge, 1965), chap. A cadet of the Seljuk family, Sulaiman b.Kutulmish, founded a durable State in Asia Minor, the so-called Sultanate of Rum; he captured Nicaea in 1081 and threatened Constantinople itself. [Source: Suzan Yalman, Department of Education, Based on original work by Linda Komaroff Metropolitan Museum of Art metmuseum.org \^/]. The gazis carved out a number of states there, under the nominal suzerainty of Baghdad, states that were continually reinforced by further Turkish immigration. The Egypt-based Fatimids were also rivals of the Seljuks: J.J. Saunders wrote in A History of Medieval Islam: The Fatimid regime had, in fact made a surprising recovery from what had seemed certain ruin. KhwarazmshahAnushtigin line: 470624: 10771231 [Sources: Warriors of the Steppe: A Military History of Central Asia 500BC to 1700AD by Erik Hildinger (Da Capo Press, 1997); Christopher Berg, Sam Houston State University deremilitari.org /^]. The Seljuk name (in Arabic "al-Saljuqiyya"), comes from the long-lived family's founder Seljuk (ca. Malik-Shah was a more cultivated man than his father and great-uncle, who were essentially rough tribal chiefs, and he wisely entrusted the civil administration to the great Persian minister usually known by his title Nizam al-Mulk, 'order of the kingdom'. So their patronization of everything persian was a good thing for the natives. Ilyasid: 320357: 932968 His regime eliminated Arabs from government and relied entirely on a corps of Persian ministers to administer what came to be known as the Great Seljuk Sultanate. Isma'ilian propaganda helped to undermine its authority. The war on the Fatimids was inaugurated, not by the Seljuks, but by a Turkoman chief named Atsiz, who in 1070 marched into Palestine and drove the Egyptians out of Jerusalem. Ghiyath al-Din Mascud III: 707: 1307, Menqchekid: 464ca. Musharrif al-Dawla Hasan: 41215: 102124 cAla' al-Din Kay Qubadh III (1st reign): 683: 1284 Nasir al-Din Mahmud: 61619: 121922 Sultan al-Dawla: 40312: 101221 15-22 Seljuk Empire Mamluk Sultanate Delhi Sultanate Geographic Location and Dates they maintained powe r Southwestern Asia 1060 to 1307 Egypt and Syria 1250 to 1517 North India 1206 to 1556 Social Social classes & social hierarchy Who has power in society? The Seljuk Empire now stretched from the shores of Mediterrenean up to the Central Asian mountains to the East. The Seljuk dynasty was Muslim Turkish Empire founded by Tughril Beg. Mahmud's son Mas'ud, attempting to bar their path, was routed with heavy loss at Dandankan near Merv in 1040, and retreated on Ghazna. Nur al-Din Mahmud ibn Zangi: 54169: 114674 Ibrahim / al-Husayn (joint rule): 37991: 9891000 cUqaylid: 380489: 9901096 SELJUKS. Aydinid: 708829: 13081425 Tughril was raised by his grandfather, Seljuk-Beg, who was in a high position in the Oghuz Yabgu State. But the Byzantine revival had now spent itself: the vigorous Macedonian dynasty was no more; the central government was in conflict with the great landed families of Asia Minor and in order to reduce their power, had cut down the military establishment, thereby rendering the Empire defensively weak against the new assault from the East. With the support of the Byzantine emperor, the knights, guided by Armenian Christians (57.185.3), tenuously marched to Jerusalem through Seljuk-controlled territories in modern Turkey and Syria. Increasingly fractured by fighting among independent Seljuk . The Seljuk dynasty ended with the invasion of the Mongols in 1243. Dynasty, Ruler, Muslim dates A.H., Christian dates A.D. There Seljuk converted to Islam, and he died at the age of 107. cImad al-Din Zangi ibn Aq Sonqur: 52141: 112746 J.J. Saunders wrote in A History of Medieval Islam: In the previous age the Byzantines had thrust deep into the heart of Islam, had conquered a good deal of Syria and annexed Armenia to the Empire. He is also writing an intellectual book named "Siyasat Nama" (book of government) Seljuk Empire. cIzz al-Din Mascud II: 60715: 121118 Ziyarid: 315483: 9271090 It could not even preserve the religious and spiritual unity of the umma: half Islam had fallen to the Fatimids. The Normans started a quarrel and refused to fight for the Emperor; his Turkish mercenaries, perhaps unwilling to face their kinsmen, deserted, and this, combined with Romanus's bad generalship, produced (August 1071) a catastrophic Byzantine defeat. Local dynasties, some Arab, some Kurdish, sprang up and drained the strength of the regime. The Anatolian ruler was known as the Sultan of Rum. ", "I delight to tell you what happened to us during LentThe Turks collected an army, fell suddenly upon our two leaders and forced them into a perilous flight. The Seljuk Turks created a huge empire that stretched from western China to the Mediterranean and included modern-day Turkmenistan, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Yemen, Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan and parts of Uzbekistan, Saudi Arabia and Palestine. Ikta holding tended to become hereditary and the 'fief thus escaped from the jurisdiction of the central government. Mongol influence in the region had disappeared by the 1330s, leaving behind gazi amirates competing for supremacy. Organizations that ran the hospitals and protected the castles, like the Knights of St. John, became as powerful as nations. The Abbasid caliphs began enlisting these people as slave warriors as early as the ninth century. An Empire is the highest tier of landed titles in Crusader Kings II, above kingdom. It was now the Sultan's duty to act as the early Caliphs had done, to defend the umma, to extirpate schism and heresy, and to resume the jihad against the nations who rejected God and his Prophet. An extraordinary struggle ensued, with Tughril defending the Abbasid Caliph Ka'im and Basasiri striving to get the Fatimid Caliph Mustansir recognized in Baghdad. Bound together by the Islamic religion and traditions, and at least nominally subject to the Abbasid caliphate (7501258) of the Islamic empire, the Great Seljuk empire was made up of an astoundingly diverse range of religious, linguistic, and ethnic groups, including Muslims, but also Christians, Jews, and Zoroastrians. ZangidAleppo: 541577: 11461181 In 1055, Tugrul Bey occupied Baghdad at the head of an army composed of gazis and mamluks (slave-soldiers, a number of whom became military leaders and rulers). [Turkish governor: 490: 1097] When Badr died in 1094, a few months before the aged Caliph, Seljuk hopes of restoring Egypt to orthodoxy had been frustrated, and the rival parties were still struggling for the control of Syria, a situation highly advantageous to the Latin Crusaders who broke into the Levant three or four years later. \=\. Hamidid: 700826: 12391423 The crusaders wore clothes stitched with crosses and mussel shells, and one of the main leaders was Duke Godfrey of Belgium. The Seljuks were defeated by the Ilkhanids, the Mongol dynasty ruling in Iran, at the Battle of Kse Dagh (1243), after which the Seljuks became Mongol vassals. The Republic of Turkey is a parliamentary democracy. Eldeguzid: 531622: 11361225 The Seljuk Empire stretched from Anatolia to Pakistan.It was replaced by the Khwarezmian Empire in 1194.. Menteshadid: 700829: 13001426 The Seljuks ruled for about a century before they were weakened by fights for succession that thrust Central Asia into another period marked by chaos and conflicts between feuding states. "IX The Turkish Irruption" \=], On the murder of Alp Arslan, he was succeeded as Sultan by his son Malik-Shah, a youth of eighteen whose twenty years' reign (1073-1092) marked the fullest ezpansion of Seljuk power. Sayf al-Din Ghazi II: 56472: 116976 In 1261 Michael Palaeologus of Nicaea drove the Latins from Constantinople and restored the Byzantine Empire, but as an essentially Balkan state reduced in size to Thrace and northwestern Anatolia. Nur al-Din Ismacil: 56977: 117481 Seljuk leaders maintained order on the local level through amirs, nomadic military regimes that were mostly independent and took in revenues mostly for themselves, and ulumas, Muslim clerics who used their influence to gain political power in a way not unlike modern Ayatollahs. The Mongols were slightly related to Turkic groups. Let me tell you something. Interactions with the Environment medieval history, with the creation of a barrier to protect their empire and conquering the . They set up an empire known as "Great Seljuk Empire" that stretched from Anatolia to Punjab and was the target of the First Crusade. The local power of Atabegs also accelerated the collapse of the Seljuk empire. The Seljuqs (also Seljuk or Seljuq Turks) were a Muslim dynasty of originally Oghuz Turkic descent that ruled parts of Central Asia and the Middle East from the eleventh to fourteenth centuries. KhwarazmshahGovernors: 408425: 10171034 The Seljuks called themselves a dynasty (dawla), sultanate (saltana), or kingdom (mulk); it was only the central Asian branch who grew to empire status. At the time of its greatest extent, the Seljuk Empire controlled a vast area, stretching from western Anatolia and the Levant in the west to the Hindu Kush in the east, and from . His elder son Arslan Isra'il (d. 1032) took over leadership; becoming embroiled in local politics he was arrested. Fulad-Sutun (Fars only): 44754: 105562, BuyidKirman: 324440: 9361048 Shams al-Dawla: 387412: 9971021 Orthodoxy produced at this time its ablest defender in al-Ghazali, who died in 1111, and whose massive and comprehensive system of theology has won him the title of 'the Aquinas of Islam'. Their vehement orthodoxy checked the spread of Isma'ilism, which was in future able to operate only as an underground terrorist movement whose agents became notorious as the Assassins. After a siege of several months, the Crusaders captured the castle by bribing a watchmen, but once inside they quickly became trapped without supplies. Nasir al-Dawla al-Hasan: 31758: 92969 The Seljuk Empire The Seljuk Turks descended from a nomadic tribe of Oghuz Turks on the Central Asian steppes. Further conquests followed, creating an empire that was geographically vast, diverse, and difficult to control. [Source: Department of Islamic Art, Metropolitan Museum of Art], BuyidFars and Khuzistan: 322454: 9341062 Big city of Konya Seljuks fought their way back into Baghdad ; Basasiri was killed, and difficult to.. And later their role in the 11th and 14th centuries persian and kicked out turkic. Of rulers overtook and came to be called & quot ; ( 490/1077-628/1231 ) long-lived family founder... 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